Global Armed Conflicts Reach Highest Level Since World War II
The report identified 65 state-based conflicts during the year, meaning confrontations involving at least one government actor. Researchers said this marks the highest figure recorded since systematic tracking of such conflicts began in 1946.
According to the study, approximately 245,000 people lost their lives in battle-related violence in 2025, placing the year among the deadliest in recent history.
Commenting on the findings, the researchers said: “The world today is … far more fragmented,” describing an “unprecedented” number of concurrent conflicts driven by both long-standing disputes and newly emerging wars. The report highlighted the fighting in Ukraine, the war in Gaza, and the conflict in Sudan as major contributors to the surge in violence.
The study also found that interstate conflicts — wars involving sovereign states — rose sharply, doubling from the previous year to reach a record eight. Examples cited included confrontations involving India and Pakistan, Afghanistan and Pakistan, as well as Cambodia and Thailand.
Researchers noted that the 65 recorded conflicts were spread across 35 countries, with several nations simultaneously involved in more than one war. Israel, for instance, was linked to conflicts involving Gaza, Lebanon, Syria, Iran, and Yemen. Myanmar, Pakistan, and Nigeria were also identified as countries experiencing multiple armed conflicts at the same time.
Regionally, Africa experienced the highest level of state-based violence, followed by Asia, the Middle East, the Americas, and Europe.
The report further estimated that more than 930,000 people have been killed in state-based conflicts since 2021, a figure roughly equivalent to the total number of deaths recorded during the previous two decades combined.
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